A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter ... könnte auch ein Indiz für eine galaxienbeinhaltend grosse Extradimension sein.

A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter …

Douglas Clowe (1), Marusa Bradac (2), Anthony H. Gonzalez (3),

Maxim Markevitch (4), Scott W. Randall (4), Christine Jones (4), Dennis Zaritsky (1) ((1) Steward Observatory, Tucson, (2) KIPAC, Stanford, (3) Department of Astronomy, Gainesville, (4) CfA, Cambridge)
(Submitted on 19 Aug 2006)

Abstract: () … new weak lensing observations of 1E0657-558 (z=0.296), a unique cluster merger, that enable a direct detection of dark matter, independent of assumptions regarding the nature of the gravitational force law. Due to the collision of two clusters, the dissipationless stellar component and the fluid-like X-ray emitting plasma are spatially segregated. By using both wide-field ground based images and HST/ACS images of the cluster cores, we create gravitational lensing maps which show that the gravitational potential does not trace the plasma distribution, the dominant baryonic mass component, but rather approximately traces the distribution of galaxies. An 8-sigma significance spatial offset of the center of the total mass from the center of the baryonic mass peaks cannot be explained with an alteration of the gravitational force law, and thus proves that the majority of the matter in the system is unseen.

Comments: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Subjects: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
Journal reference: Astrophys.J.648:L109-L113,2006
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0608407v1

Diese Gravitationslinseneffekte … könnten aber auch ein Indiz für galaxienbeinhaltende grosse Extradimension(en) sein

While most attention has focused on the behavior of gravity at short distances, it is possible that tiny deviations
from the inverse-square law occur at much larger distances. In fact, there is a possibility that non-compact extra
dimensions could produce such deviations at astronomical distances [58] (for discussion see Sec. IV F).
By far the most stringent constraints on a test of the inverse-square law to date come from very precise measurements
of the Moon’s orbit about the Earth. Even though the Moon’s orbit has a mean radius of 384,000 km, the models
agree with the data at the level of 4 mm! As a result, analysis of the LLR data tests the gravitational inverse-square
law to 3 × 10−11 of the gravitational field strength on scales of the Earth-moon distance [14].
Interplanetary laser ranging could provide conditions that are needed to improve the tests of the inverse-square law
on the interplanetary scales [90]. MLR could be used to perform such an experiment that could reach the accuracy
of 1 × 10−14 at 2 AU distances, thereby improving the current tests by several orders of magnitude.
Although most of the modern experiments do not show disagreements with Newton’s law, there are puzzles that
require further investigation. The radiometric tracking data received from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft at
heliocentric distances between 20 and 70 AU has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler
drift in the spacecraft carrier frequency. The drift can be interpreted as due to a constant sunward acceleration of
aP = (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10−10 m/s2 for each particular craft [143] This apparent violation of the inverse-square law has
become known as the Pioneer anomaly. The possibility that the anomalous behavior will continue to defy attempts at
a conventional explanation has resulted in a growing discussion about the origin of the discovered effect. A recently
initiated investigation of the anomalous signal using the entire record of the Pioneer spacecraft telemetry files in
conjunction with the analysis of a much extended Pioneer Doppler data may soon reveal the origin of the anomaly

Slava G. Turyshev
(Submitted on 10 Jun 2008 (v1), last revised 20 Jun 2008 (this version, v2))

Abstract: Einstein’s general theory of relativity is the standard theory of gravity, especially where the needs of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics are concerned. As such, this theory is used for many practical purposes involving spacecraft navigation, geodesy, and time transfer. Here (Turyshev) review(es) the foundations of general relativity, discuss(es) recent progress in the tests of relativistic gravity in the solar system, and present(s) motivations for the new generation of high-accuracy gravitational experiments. (He) discuss(es) the advances in our understanding of fundamental physics that are anticipated in the near future and evaluate(es) the discovery potential of the recently proposed gravitational experiments.

Comments: revtex4, 30 pages, 10 figures
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
Journal reference: Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 58, 207-248 (2008)
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839
http://arxiv.org/pdf/0806.1731v2

Hier setzen wir sich (auf den ersten Blick) gegenseitig ausschliessende Thesen gegenüber - um darauf hinzuweisen wie ungesichert die Grundlagen der 2x2 Sicherheitsberichte CERN’s vom letzten Sommer (Sommer 08) betreffs Akkretionsrisiken MicroSchwarzerLöcher sind. Von besonders beklemmendem Interesse ist, WARUM die Möglichkeit D5 (also ‘nur’ eine locker kompaktifizierte (sonnensystemgrosse) Extradimension seitens CERN als ‘rouled out‘ anzusehen ist ???

Die Pioneer-Anomalie liefert ein starkes Indiz dafür, dass tatsächlich eine sonnensystemgrosse Extradimension bestehen könnte (D5)

“If it’s new physics, the implications are truly tremendous”

So what would be the implications?

One possibility is that invisible, so-called dark matter is holding the spacecraft back. Some cosmologists believe that dark matter exists because only 10% of the expected mass of the universe has been found. If 90% of the universe’s mass and energy is invisible, maybe it could exert gravitational pull on spacecraft.

Another possibility, even more fanciful, is that invisible dimensions of space are tugging at the Pioneers. This idea has its origin in string theory, an idea that suggests we are surrounded by far more than the three dimensions we know about. Some versions of string theory suggest there may be as many as 11 dimensions, most of which are curled up and hidden from us.

As with dark matter, no hard evidence has been found proving the existence of vibrating strings far tinier than the smallest known particles.

A third possibility is that gravity has been hiding secrets that three centuries of research have failed to uncover.

Anderson and his colleagues have known for some time that the only way to prove the anomaly is to duplicate it with another spacecraft.

http://articles.latimes.com/2004/dec/21/science/sci-pioneer21?pg=1